Hodler, Ferdinand

Swiss symbolist painter, who was a forerunner of expressionism. After an early period of uninspired naturalistic landscapes, Ferdinand Hodler turned to a style of flat, often repetitive forms, precise outlines, and rhythmic patterns that he termed "Parallelism." Ferdinand Hodler 's artworks have a monumental effect. In landscapes and large murals, he presented his mystical preoccupation with the power of nature and the plight of humanity. In his famous mural Night (1890, Kunstmuseum, Bern, Switzerland), the ominous figure of Nightmare hovers over a group of restless, sleeping nude figures. Hodler's alpine landscapes and vivid portraits, such as his intense Self-Portrait (1891, Mus?e d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva), relate him to the fauvists.

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